Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) present a unique ability to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into higher-energy visible light. This phenomenon has inspired extensive investigation in numerous fields, including biomedical imaging, medicine, and optoelectronics. However, the possible toxicity of UCNPs poses considerable concerns that necessitate

Lead sulfide quantum dots (QDs) represent a fascinating class of materials with exceptional optoelectronic properties due to their unique size-dependent band gap. These QDs exhibit tunable absorption and emission spectra in the visible region, making them highly desirable for a wide range of applications. Recent review delves into the diverse face

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